stream: fix TransformStream race on cancel with pending write

[marcopiraccini]

Fixes: #62036

• Fix a race condition in TransformStream where a late writer.write() racing with reader.cancel() could throw an internal TypeError: controller[kState].transformAlgorithm is not a function
• The race occurs when cancel/abort/close clears the controller's algorithms via transformStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms while a pending write reaches transformStreamDefaultControllerPerformTransform
• Added a guard in transformStreamDefaultControllerPerformTransform to check if transformAlgorithm is still callable before invoking it

Race sequence

1. reader.read() releases backpressure
2. reader.cancel() triggers transformStreamDefaultSourceCancelAlgorithm, which calls transformStreamDefaultControllerClearAlgorithms — sets transformAlgorithm = undefined
3. writer.write() enters transformStreamDefaultSinkWriteAlgorithm and calls transformStreamDefaultControllerPerformTransform
4. performTransform tries to invoke transformAlgorithm() which is now undefined → TypeError

Fix

Guard transformStreamDefaultControllerPerformTransform so that if transformAlgorithm has been cleared (stream is shutting down), the write returns silently rather than throwing an internal error. The writable side's existing error handling surfaces the appropriate stream-level error to the caller.

Spec note

The WHATWG streams reference implementation has the same unguarded call in TransformStreamDefaultControllerPerformTransform. The race is latent in the spec but rarely surfaces in browsers due to WebIDL callback wrapping adding an extra promise tick that changes the interleaving order (see whatwg/streams#1296). Node.js hits it consistently because it lacks that extra indirection layer.

Test plan

• New test test/parallel/test-whatwg-transformstream-cancel-write-race.js reproduces the race.

[mcollina]

lgtm

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/71496/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.62%. Comparing base (35d3bc8) to head (398e700).
⚠️ Report is 5 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #62040      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.65%   89.62%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         676      676              
  Lines      206231   206244      +13     
  Branches    39505    39502       -3     
==========================================
- Hits       184898   184851      -47     
- Misses      13463    13518      +55     
- Partials     7870     7875       +5     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/webstreams/transformstream.js	99.57% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

... and 36 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/71504/